BADAMASI, Mustapha1 & SHEHU Sani, PhD2
1Department of Business Management,
Federal University Dutsin-Ma
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4765-3355,
mustaphabadamasi@gmail.com
08036058528
2Department of Public Administration,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Shehusani1982@gmail.com
Abstract
Ethical considerations are paramount in doctoral research, particularly in Nigeria, where research is increasingly recognized as a driver of national development. This study explores the ethical dimensions of five dominant research paradigms—positivism, critical realism, postmodernism, interpretivism, and pragmatism—and their implications for doctoral research in Nigeria. Each paradigm carries distinct ethical implications, influencing methodological choices, data collection, and the interpretation of findings. Positivism emphasizes objectivity and transparency, while critical realism requires reflexivity and inclusivity. Postmodernism challenges conventional truths and biases, interpretivism prioritizes cultural sensitivity and confidentiality, and pragmatism advocates for methodological flexibility and practical relevance. Nigerian doctoral researchers often face ethical challenges related to informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and power dynamics, particularly when working with vulnerable populations. This study highlights the importance of aligning research paradigms with ethical responsibilities to ensure methodological rigor, credibility, and societal impact. By integrating ethical considerations into paradigm selection, doctoral candidates can produce high-quality, socially responsible research that addresses Nigeria’s complex socio-economic and political challenges.
The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing ethical frameworks, strengthening institutional review boards, and fostering inclusivity in research. It calls for the development of contextual ethical guidelines that reflect Nigeria’s socio-cultural realities, alongside training programs in ethical reflexivity and paradigm selection. These measures aim to improve the ethical integrity and methodological rigor of doctoral research in Nigeria, contributing to both academic scholarship and national development.
Keywords: Ethics, research paradigms, doctoral research, Nigeria, positivism, critical realism,